Prepositions in English Grammar

In English grammar, a preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Prepositions are words like in and out, above and below, and to and from,  and theyre words we use all the time. How useful are prepositions? Just look at how many prepositions are italicized in this simple sentence from E.B. Whites Charlottes Web: For  the first few days  of  his life, Wilbur was allowed to live  in  a box  near  the stove  in  the kitchen. Prepositions in English Grammar Prepositions are one of the basic  parts of speech  and are among the words that we use most when composing sentences. They are also a member of a closed word class, meaning  that it is very rare for a new preposition to enter the language. There are only about 100 of them in English. Prepositions often refer to location  (under  the table), direction (to  the south), or time (past  midnight). They can also be used to convey other relationships: agency (by), comparison (like, as . . . as), possession (of), purpose (for), or source (from, out of). Simple Prepositions Many prepositions are made up of only one word and are called  simple prepositions. These include short and very common words like  as, at, by, for, and of.  You also use prepositions such as about, between, into, like, onto, since, than, through, with, within, and without to show a relationship between words. There are many occasions where you might confuse prepositions. For example, sometimes it is difficult to know when you should use  in, into, on, or at.  This is because their meanings are very similar, so you have to look at the context of the sentence. Many prepositions have an opposite as well. For instance, you can use  before or after, inside or outside, off or on, over or under, and  up or down.   Quite a few prepositions express the relationship of things in space. Examples of these include aboard, across, amid, among, around, atop, behind, beneath, beside, beyond, near, over, round,  and upon. Prepositions can also refer to time. Among the most common are  after, before,  during, till,  and  until. Other prepositions have unique uses or can be used in multiple ways. Some of these include  about, against, along, despite, regarding, throughout, toward,  and  unlike. Complex Prepositions In addition  to  the simple prepositions, several word groups can perform the same grammatical function. These are called  complex prepositions. They are two- or three-word units that combine one or two simple prepositions with another word. Within this category, you have phrases like  in addition to  and such as.  Whenever you say  thanks to or in between, you are also using a complex preposition. Identifying Prepositional Phrases Prepositions are not in the habit of standing alone. A word group with a preposition at the head followed by an  object  (or  complement) is called a  prepositional phrase. The object of a preposition is typically a  noun  or  pronoun:  Gus put the horse  before the cart. Prepositional phrases add meaning to the nouns and verbs in sentences. They usually tell us  where, when,  or  how and the words of a prepositional phrase can often be rearranged. A prepositional phrase may do the work of an  adjective  and modify a noun:  The student  in the back row  began to snore loudly. It may also function as an  adverb  and modify a verb:  Buster fell asleep  during class. Learning to identify prepositional phrases is often a matter of practice. After some time you will come to realize how frequently we rely on them. Ending a Sentence With a Preposition You may have a heard the rule that you should never  end a sentence with a preposition. This is one of those rules that you dont have to put up with. It is based on the etymology of preposition, from the Greek for put in front, as well as a false analogy to Latin. As long ago as 1926, Henry Fowler dismissed the rule about preposition  stranding as a cherished superstition ignored by major writers from Shakespeare to Thackeray. In fact, in A Dictionary of Modern English Usage he said, the remarkable freedom enjoyed by English in putting its  prepositions  late and omitting its relatives is an important element in the flexibility of the language. Essentially, you can ignore this rule, and you can cite Fowler to anyone who tells you otherwise. Go ahead and end your sentence with a preposition if you want to. Prepositions Functioning as Another Part of Speech Just because you see one of the prepositions weve mentioned used, does not mean that they are being used as a preposition. It depends on the circumstances, and this is one of those tricky parts of the English language, so dont let these fool you. Certain prepositions (after, as, before, since, until) serve as  subordinating conjunctions  when theyre followed by a  clause: You better get out of town  before  sundown. (Before  is used as a preposition.)Many people run out of ideas long  before  they run out of words. (Before  is used as a conjunction.) Some prepositions (including  about, across, around, before, down, in, on, out,  and  up) also moonlight as  adverbs. These are sometimes called  prepositional adverbs  or  adverbial  particles. Beth walked  up  the driveway. (The preposition up is followed by the object.)Beth looked  up. (The prepositional adverb up  is modifying the verb looked.) Deverbal Prepositions Transitive prepositions that take the same form as -ing participles or -ed participles are called deverbal prepositions. It is a rather short list, but it is important to understand that these are also prepositions. according (to)allowing (for)barringconcerningcountingexceptingexcludingfailingfollowinggivengonegrantedincludingowing (to)pertaining (to)regardingrespectingsavingtouchingwanting Source: Fowler H.  A Dictionary of Modern English Usage. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1965.

The Destruction Of The American Dream English Literature Essay Free Essays

The American Dream is a journey through life that people venture out on to accomplish ends, fiscal stableness and felicity. One can state that dreams went manus in manus with strength and hope. Although that is true, the clip of the 1920 ‘s dreams were tainted by the demand of mercenary points and munificent life styles. We will write a custom essay sample on The Destruction Of The American Dream English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Author Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald reveals the devastation of the American dream through symbolism in the life of Jay Gatsby. Gatsby is determined to resuscitate his past immature love affair with the love of his life, Daisy Buchanan but unluckily his dream is destroyed because of his greed. Gatsby knows that he wants something and person that he can ne’er hold. Jay Gatsby destroys the opportunity of holding a normal life when he pushes himself to make an impossible end of being with Daisy for the remainder of his life ; desiring to do her his married woman. In order to be the adult male she ‘ll of all time desire and necessitate, he changed himself from a hapless adult male who is James Gatz to a successful Jay Gatsby. This end greatly impacted his life and would alter him everlastingly. His thrust was so strong that he had even gone through with such illegal behaviours such as bootlegging. The lone ground why Gatsby had invested so much clip to go wealthy is merely because he knew this is what Daisy needed in adult male. Gatsby knew that Daisy would ne’er get married a adult male without fiscal stableness and security, so Gatsby worked himself to be a adult male that Daisy could get married. No affair how hard he tried to be a suited adult male for Daisy, Gatsby would ne’er hold the opportunity to marry his love. A A A A After Gatsby has established himself as a successful adult male, he feels ready to reunite with Daisy. Now cognizing Gatsby is the perfect adult male, the love of her life that evidently has a batch of money ; Daisy begins to pass her clip reminiscing about the love they shared. Gatsby still remains highly close to Daisy, invariably prosecuting her and wishing that one twenty-four hours she will portion the feelings he has and would desire to be with him everlastingly. Towards the terminal of the novel, it can be seen that Daisy will non go forth the life she has now to be with Gatsby. Gatsby is â€Å" †¦ left standing in the moonlight-watching over nil † ( 153 ) . â€Å" And as I sat at that place, dwelling on the old unknown universe, I thought of Gatsby ‘s admiration when he foremost picked out the green visible radiation at the terminal of Daisy ‘s dock. He had come a long manner to this bluish lawn and his dream must hold seemed so near that he could barely neglect to hold on it. He did non cognize that it was already behind himaˆÂ ¦ . † ( 189 ) The green visible radiation symbolizes a hope and dream of Gatsby ‘s hereafter with daisy. Although his bosom pushes him frontward and he remains strong, his dreams are destroyed by his stuff ownerships, much like how the American society is now with it ‘s compulsion with wealth. Gatsby ‘s dream dies because of sloppiness and shallowness. Gatsby reaches for his hopes, ranges for the green visible radiation as if he was a worshipper of some kind. His mission of deriving Daisy is a religious one and non merely a physical enterprise. â€Å" He was a boy of Go d – a phrase which, if it means anything, means merely that – and he must be about His Father ‘s concern, the service of a huge, vulgar, and meretricious beauty. So he invented merely the kind of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old male child would be probably to contrive, and to this construct he was faithful to the terminal. † ( 63 ) The symbolism in The Great Gatsby, show that the American dream has been corrupted. Gatsby has finally corrupted himself and his ain dream before he even set out to accomplish it. He fails in his mission because of the mercenary success he must possess to fulfill the love of his life. So hence, his dream fails before he even begins. So, Gatsby ‘s dreams become merely another hope, another visible radiation at the terminal of Daisy ‘s dock. â€Å" Gatsby believed in the green visible radiation, the orgiastic hereafter that twelvemonth by twelvemonth recedes before us. It eluded us so, but that ‘s no affair – tomorrow we will run quicker, stretch out our weaponries farther aˆÂ ¦ And one mulct forenoon – So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back endlessly into the yesteryear. † ( 115 ) Gatsby ‘s life was led by dishonest success and unanswered love. He abandoned a life of being potentially a better individual from his earlier life. Gatsby was foolish and threw his life off to derive Daisy ‘s love. He wanted more than he could of all time manage emotionally or physically have. She ruined his life. Scott Fitzgerald is capable to capturing an of import word picture of how the American dream was destroyed and how it affected work forces like Gatsby. Gatsby ‘s being in West Egg was wholly for Daisy. Gatsby changed who he was to suit into Daisy ‘s life. Gatsby merely wanted to be the adult male that was able to hold Daisy and in the terminal they both ruined him and ne’er reunited. 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Blood Brothers by play write Willy Russell Essay Example For Students

Blood Brothers by play write Willy Russell Essay The play Blood Brothers was written by playwrite Willy Russell in the 1980s, which is also when it is set. It is based in and around Liverpool and follows the lives of twin brothers who are separated at birth and live apart, oblivious to each others existence. Micky stays with his mother (Mrs Johnstone) who cannot afford to have two more mouths to feed and (Mrs Johnstone) sells her other son Eddie to a rich couple who are unable to have children. They meet up again and become best friends growing up together. After dabbling in drugs, women, robbery, guns and the counsel, they end up hating each other. Not until the end when Micky is near breaking point and Eddie heading that way, do they find out theyre brothers. I enjoyed this play very much. It has a plot which slowly builds up the tension and drama, starting off with the two brothers being as happy as can be and builds up to the climax. It is a gradual crescendo of tension and excitement as their lives get worse and worse as the play goes on. The mood of the play distinctively changes around half way through. After the audience is shown the end scene at the start of the play the plot is quite light hearted and has some very funny moments, like the conversation between Mickey and Eddie when they first meet and the almost slap-stick scene where the children are playing cowboys and Indians. Then the play takes a turn for the worse (from the characters point of view) and changes from a comedy-drama into an all out tragedy-thriller. Even in the first half of the play there are moments cut away from the cheerful and humorous atmosphere the children grow up in, that remind the audience of Eddie and Mickeys fate. These moments usually involve Mrs Lyons and more often Mrs Johnstone and are followed by the narrator chorusing The devil and hes got your number. These little scenes are added to build up tension, something Russell does very well. He relaxes the audience with comedy and keeps adding these very emotional and strong scenes to bring the audience back to reality with loud music and powerful lighting effects. Humour is also used to keep the audience interested and balance out the conflict and sadness in the play. As the play progresses we see less and less of the comedy, as the plot gets down to the struggles of growing up they both have to face, into and approaching adulthood. As well as being an enthralling play it also tackles some hard social and moral issues. I feel that Willy Russell must be a very socialist person or has a great understanding to the working classes as I feel the main issue this play raises is class. The characters of Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons are a good contrast, almost an antithesis both in class and personality. Throughout the play Russell puts the audience under the impression that the upper classes always have the upper hand, adding little sequences to influence this such as: when Micky and Eddie are apprehended by a policeman. He is very polite, friendly and almost apologetic towards Mr and Mrs Lyons whereas he is the complete opposite with Mrs Johnston, insulting and threatening her and her family. Ironically at the start of the play, although the Johnstones are very much living on the breadline, they begin the play very cheerfully, compared to the Lyons who never seem content. The play is based almost entirely on this philosophy as Mickys life gradually turns into a living hell and although Eddie is not happy towards the end of the play he is a lot better off than Micky even though Eddie may have worked harder as an adult. It is also very ironic how Mrs Lyons has more money than she knows what to do with and yet can never be happy, as she is unable to have children. On the other hand Mrs Johnston has more children than she knows what to do with and is scraping a living to try and provide for them. .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .postImageUrl , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:hover , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:visited , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:active { border:0!important; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:active , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In the romantic tragedy `Romeo and Juliet` EssayThere are several other issues running throughout the play, most of which are based around superstition: fate, luck, truth, lies etc. The whole play is based on the superstition that if Mickey and Eddie discover they are brothers they will die, which of course they do. This almost drives Mrs Lyons insane and throughout the play does whatevers within her power to stop Eddie finding out. She even tries to kill Mrs Johnstone, which is a great scene and is a perfect example of the conflict in the play. There are many forms of conflict in Blood Brothers, physical, verbal, overt and covert, which is what makes the play so tense. When Mrs Lyons argues with Mrs Johnstone just preceding Mrs Lyons attack with a knife there is fantastic verbal conflict which builds up the tension by using short, sharp lines like Dont lie! during their very gripping argument. Mrs Lyons attempted stabbing on Mrs Johnstone releases this tension; this is something that Russell does a lot in this play; release tension in one swift moment which has builds up over the preceding scenes. This is also physical and overt conflict as it is meant to be seen, much like the final scene when the shootings take place (also an example of sudden tension release). Another great way that Russell builds suspense is repeating techniques and images. There are many throughout the play such as the moody and intimidating lighting that mirrored Mrs Lyons emotions in her panicky and edgy moments on stage. The appearance of a mysterious narrator is a good repetitious devise; he not only sets the scene but always adds very philosophical and meaningful interpretative verses that really make you think about the play and see it from a new perspective. Reoccurring songs and verse give the audience a sense of familiarity and relationship towards the character or situation, for instance as Mrs Johnstone tells her story at the beginning of the play she sings:  Like Marilyn Monroe, and we went dancin  This song is appears again several times in the play and as a result although Mrs Johnstone is not a main character you feel as close to her as Mickey and Eddie.

Gestures - The DOs And TABOOs Of Body Language Around The World Essays

Gestures - The DO's and TABOOs of body language around the world Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Gestures - The DO's and TABOOs of body language around the world Axtell, Roger E. Gestures: The DO's and TABOOS of Body Language Around the World. Jon Wiley Sons, Inc, 1998 -- Rev. and expanded edition. Over the past decade the author has been presenting seminars, speeches and workshops around the United States on the subject of international behavior. This book is the result of accumulation of more than ten years of research on the subject and it includes research on his travels to England, Germany, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. All this reinforced a conviction that gestures are powerful communicators used by people all over the world. The purpose of this book is to let people know how powerful gestures can be when used correctly or incorrectly. He also wants you to know how a gesture can mean one thing here and another thing somewhere else, something as simple as a wave good bye, could get you into a lot of trouble in another country. This book was broken down into seven chapters: Chapter 1, illustrated with numerous examples, is that not only are gestures and body language powerful communicators, but different cultures use gestures and body language in dramatically different ways. Chapter 2 discusses the most popular gestures found around the world, beginning with how we greet each other. Shaking hand is not the universal greeting. In fact, there are at least a half-dozen other social greetings - even different ways of shaking hands. This chapter also deals with farewells, beckoning, insulting, touching and other types of gestures. Chapter 3 gets into the special types of gestures such as, American Sign Language, Tai Chi, flirting kissing. Chapter 4 is designed to help you learn or trace a particular gesture, using scores of drawings. Chapter 5 describes what the author calls the ultimate gesture, which is simply the "smile". It is rarely misunderstood, scientist believe this particular gesture releases chemicals in the brain called endorphins into the system that create a mild feeling of euphoria. It also may help you slip out of the prickliest or difficult situation's world wide. Chapter 6 is an important list of gestures to keep in mind. It is compiled of 20 gestures that can help you separate right from rude, and rude from crude. Chapter 7 is a listing of country-by-country common gestures and body languages. They group the countries by major geographic region. The organization of the book was a combination of narrative and topical. The basic point of view of the entire book was that if you are planning to leave the United States and travel to another country, you better either keep your hands in you pockets at all times or know the proper gesture for the country you intend on visiting. I would like to site some examples. An American teenager was hitchhiking in Nigeria. A carload of locals passed him. The car screeched to a halt. The locals jumped out and promptly roughed up the teenage visitor. Why? Because in Nigeria, the gesture commonly used in America for hitchhiking (thumb extended upward) is considered a very rude signal. An American couple on an auto tour in Australia was stopped by a police officer in Sydney for failing to signal before turning. Since they were tourists the officer gave them only a friendly warning. Relieved, the American man responded with a smile and the thumbs-up sign. The police officer became enraged, ordered the couple out of the car, called a backup, searched the car, and finally gave the driver an expensive ticket. Later, back in their hotel and recounting their experience, the tourist learned that in Australia the thumbs-up gesture means "screw you!" As you can see this book has a humorous, but yet serious overtone. It covers important aspects of body languages gestures in society which is serious stuff, that has a very strong impact on all that come in contact with you. Yet the author is able to express it in a comical nature. I enjoyed the book immensely. There are many ways the ideas in this book can be related to sociology. In fact the whole book is directly related to the subject of sociology especially the culture aspect of it. I will explain in the following paragraphs. Anthologists divide our actions and gestures into three broad categories: instinctive, coded and acquired. Instinctive gestures are those we do almost unconsciously. An example would be when we are suddenly shocked or surprised, we tend to slap the back of our heads. Coded,

Banning Progress in the World of Swimming

Banning Progress in the World of Swimming Picture a teenager who committed to a sport almost his entire life, came to every practice and dry-land training session for many consecutive years and begged his parents to buy him a six-hundred-dollar polyurethane swim suit only to be somewhat similar to the infamous Micheal Phelps, Ryan Lochte, or Jason Lezak. Now picture the same kid being told that he can no longer wear that “technical” suit at any swim meets and that he has to resort to the primitive “jammers” swimsuit, which has not been used in the Olympics since 2004. This all sounds ridiculous; however, it is ridiculously true.At the annual 2009 Convention of USA Swimming Delegates, representing clubs from all 50 states, an overwhelming vote had been cast for early implementation of a ban on high-tech swimsuits. Only to follow in near future, that is on Jan 1st of 2010, will be the same response from the NCAA, FINA, and numerous high school swimming organizations, including New Yorks PSAL.English: Ryan Locht e during 2008 Olympic Trials (O...The USA Swimming ban will take effect on October 1st, 2009 and will throw away the dreams of countless youngsters, hard-earned money of countless parents, and strive for innovations in the world of competitive swimming all into the bin.If an individual works his heart out both physically and mentally in order to achieve a certain goal, shouldnt he be given the same opportunities as those who already achieved that goal? A typical high school teen who is part of a USA swimming club outside of school regularly spends and average of twenty hours in the pool weekly. Completing workouts that total over 5 miles daily, which is more that most individuals walk, the teen who undergoes such mental and physical stress is uncontrovertibly determined toward achieving a certain goal. If any type of turbulence is...

The Rock Musical Hair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Rock Musical Hair - Essay Example The songs that originated from that idea are about letting your hair grow long, wild and free with lyrics like "My hair like Jesus wore it, Hallelujah, I adore it, Here, Baby, There, Mama, everywhere, Daddy, Daddy, Hair, Hair, Hair, Hair! Keep on growin', Keep it flowin' my Hair!" The music was loud, joyous, soulful, angry and celebratory, capturing the spirit of the New Generation of Baby Boomers who were rebelling against their parent's generation of values that stood for right-wing conservatism. The musical Hair debuted on Broadway in April 1968. It had undergone a transformation with new staging and 12 new songs added. Hair was unusual in it's staging in that it had the performers running into the audience, handing out flowers, and inviting them to participate at the end of the performance in a big "be-in" on stage. It was also unique in that much of the cast, dressed as Hippies, was scantily dressed or even appeared nude. They even had some staging where performers swung from ropes over the audience and the stage, while singing. In The New York Times, Clive Barnes wrote an enthusiastic review, praising the original production: "Mr. O'Horgan has worked wonders. He makes the show vibrate from the first slow-burn opening - with half-naked hippies statuesquely slow-parading down the center aisle - to the all-hands-together, anti-patriotic finale." 1 The unique stagin

Human gene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human gene - Essay Example This paper attempts to explore the organization, structure, history and regulatory elements associated with the GALT gene, and understand how a mutation will lead to occurrence of galactosemia. GALT is the official symbol for the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase gene. The position of GALT is 13 on the shorter p arm of the chromosome 9. The more exact molecular positioning of GALT on chromosome 9 can be described as starting at base pair 34,646,585 till ending at base pair 34,650,594 (Genetics Home Reference). The organization of GALT encompasses 11 exons spanning approximately 4-4.3 kb. The GALT gene encodes proteins with a 43 kDa molecular mass, consisting of about 379 amino acids length. Two molecules or a dimer make up an active GALT enzyme and contain a molecular mass of around 88 kDa. It has been found that disruption in the Q188R region is the most common mutation found to cause classic galactosemia with a relative frequency of 60%. It is because a His-Pro-His motif is present at exon 6 in the functional site, which significantly impairs the entire gene functioning if mutation occurs proximal to this region of the gene (Calderon, 939-40). People with classic galactosemia have been identified with over 180 mutations in the GALT gene. The structural illustration of GALT gene is presented in fig 01. Figure 01. GALT Gene Structure. Source: AGCOH (2009). The genetic deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner requiring the copy of GALT sequence from both carrier parents (Elsas). Though the incidence rate of GALT deficiency is different among nations, about 1 in every 62 000 has been estimated in pan-ethnic populations. The incidence rate in travelers from the Irish populations is also significant (Murphy et al., 550). The GALT gene is responsible for the synthesis of GALT enzyme in the liver. The GALT enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of galactose-1-phosphate into available glucose as an energy source in the second step of the Leloir metaboli sm pathway (Reichardt, 194). Galactose is a product of the larger sugar Lactose found in all milk and dairy products. The reaction also produces UDP-galactose that is further employed in the formation of sugar containing proteins and fats. These galactose-containing proteins and fats have multiple roles in various body functions such as chemical signaling pathways, construction of cell structure, molecule transportation and energy production (Genetics Home Reference). The GALT enzyme reveals a ping-pong, bi-bi kinetics that describes the binding of one domain of enzyme with uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucose, which forms enzyme-UDP-glucose intermediate. The uridine monophosphate stays attached to GALT and the glucose-1-phosphate becomes free. The GALT uridine monophosphate then binds galactose-l-phosphate to develop GALT-UDP-galactose. The UDP-galactose becomes free of the GALT, and allows it to cycle the next reaction (Elsas and Lai, 40). The failure of GALT enzyme to metabolize gal actose results in building up of Galactose-1-phosphate to toxic levels in the body, which can give rise to several health issues such as jaundice, feeding issues, weight faltering, liver damage, bleeding, hyperammonemia, sepsis, infections, cataracts, dyspraxia, ovarian failure, and neural abnormalities